TempestRemapper.cpp

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/*
 * =====================================================================================
 *
 * Filename: TempestRemapper.hpp
 *
 * Description: Interface to the TempestRemap library to enable intersection and
 * high-order conservative remapping of climate solution from
 * arbitrary resolution of source and target grids on the sphere.
 *
 * Author: Vijay S. Mahadevan (vijaysm), [email protected]
 *
 * =====================================================================================
 */
 
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <array>
#include <numeric> // std::iota
#include <algorithm> // std::sort, std::stable_sort
 
#include "DebugOutput.hpp"
#include "moab/Remapping/TempestRemapper.hpp"
#include "moab/ReadUtilIface.hpp"
// needed for higher order mapping, retrieve additional layers of cells with bridge methods
#include "moab/MeshTopoUtil.hpp"
#include "AEntityFactory.hpp"
 
// Intersection includes
#include "moab/IntxMesh/Intx2MeshOnSphere.hpp"
#include "moab/IntxMesh/IntxUtils.hpp"
 
#include "moab/AdaptiveKDTree.hpp"
#include "moab/SpatialLocator.hpp"
 
// skinner for augmenting overlap mesh to complete coverage
#include "moab/Skinner.hpp"
#include "MBParallelConventions.h"
 
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_TEMPESTREMAP
#include "Announce.h"
#include "FiniteElementTools.h"
#include "GaussLobattoQuadrature.h"
#endif
 
// #define VERBOSE
 
namespace moab
{
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::initialize( bool initialize_fsets )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 if( initialize_fsets )
 {
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( moab::MESHSET_SET, m_source_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create new set" );
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( moab::MESHSET_SET, m_target_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create new set" );
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( moab::MESHSET_SET, m_overlap_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create new set" );
 m_source_set_with_ghosts = m_source_set; // eventually, this will be overwritten by a new set, with ghosts
 }
 else
 {
 m_source_set = 0;
 m_target_set = 0;
 m_overlap_set = 0;
 }
 
 is_parallel = false;
 is_root = true;
 rank = 0;
 size = 1;
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 int flagInit;
 MPI_Initialized( &flagInit );
 if( flagInit )
 {
 assert( m_pcomm != nullptr );
 rank = m_pcomm->rank();
 size = m_pcomm->size();
 is_root = ( rank == 0 );
 is_parallel = ( size > 1 );
 // is_parallel = true;
 }
 AnnounceOnlyOutputOnRankZero();
#endif
 
 m_source = nullptr;
 m_target = nullptr;
 m_overlap = nullptr;
 m_covering_source = nullptr;
 
 point_cloud_source = false;
 point_cloud_target = false;
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
TempestRemapper::~TempestRemapper()
{
 this->clear();
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::clear()
{
 // destroy all meshes
 if( m_source )
 {
 delete m_source;
 m_source = nullptr;
 }
 if( m_target )
 {
 delete m_target;
 m_target = nullptr;
 }
 if( m_overlap )
 {
 delete m_overlap;
 m_overlap = nullptr;
 }
 if( m_covering_source && size > 1 )
 {
 delete m_covering_source;
 m_covering_source = nullptr;
 }
 
 point_cloud_source = false;
 point_cloud_target = false;
 
 m_source_entities.clear();
 m_source_vertices.clear();
 m_covering_source_entities.clear();
 m_covering_source_vertices.clear();
 m_target_entities.clear();
 m_target_vertices.clear();
 m_overlap_entities.clear();
 gid_to_lid_src.clear();
 gid_to_lid_tgt.clear();
 gid_to_lid_covsrc.clear();
 lid_to_gid_src.clear();
 lid_to_gid_tgt.clear();
 lid_to_gid_covsrc.clear();
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::LoadMesh( Remapper::IntersectionContext ctx,
 std::string inputFilename,
 TempestMeshType type )
{
 if( ctx == Remapper::SourceMesh )
 {
 m_source_type = type;
 return load_tempest_mesh_private( inputFilename, &m_source );
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::TargetMesh )
 {
 m_target_type = type;
 return load_tempest_mesh_private( inputFilename, &m_target );
 }
 else if( ctx != Remapper::DEFAULT )
 {
 m_overlap_type = type;
 return load_tempest_mesh_private( inputFilename, &m_overlap );
 }
 else
 {
 MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Invalid IntersectionContext context provided" );
 }
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::load_tempest_mesh_private( std::string inputFilename, Mesh** tempest_mesh )
{
 const bool outputEnabled = ( TempestRemapper::verbose && is_root );
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "\nLoading TempestRemap Mesh object from file = " << inputFilename << " ...\n";
 
 {
 NcError error( NcError::silent_nonfatal );
 
 try
 {
 // Load input mesh
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "Loading mesh ...\n";
 Mesh* mesh = new Mesh( inputFilename );
 mesh->RemoveZeroEdges();
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "----------------\n";
 
 // Validate mesh
 if( meshValidate )
 {
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "Validating mesh ...\n";
 mesh->Validate();
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "-------------------\n";
 }
 
 // Construct the edge map on the mesh
 if( constructEdgeMap )
 {
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "Constructing edge map on mesh ...\n";
 mesh->ConstructEdgeMap( false );
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "---------------------------------\n";
 }
 
 if( tempest_mesh ) *tempest_mesh = mesh;
 }
 catch( Exception& e )
 {
 std::cout << "TempestRemap ERROR: " << e.ToString() << "\n";
 return MB_FAILURE;
 }
 catch( ... )
 {
 return MB_FAILURE;
 }
 }
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::ConvertTempestMesh( Remapper::IntersectionContext ctx )
{
 const bool outputEnabled = ( TempestRemapper::verbose && is_root );
 if( ctx == Remapper::SourceMesh )
 {
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "Converting (source) TempestRemap Mesh object to MOAB representation ...\n";
 return convert_tempest_mesh_private( m_source_type, m_source, m_source_set, m_source_entities,
 &m_source_vertices );
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::TargetMesh )
 {
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "Converting (target) TempestRemap Mesh object to MOAB representation ...\n";
 return convert_tempest_mesh_private( m_target_type, m_target, m_target_set, m_target_entities,
 &m_target_vertices );
 }
 else if( ctx != Remapper::DEFAULT )
 {
 if( outputEnabled ) std::cout << "Converting (overlap) TempestRemap Mesh object to MOAB representation ...\n";
 return convert_tempest_mesh_private( m_overlap_type, m_overlap, m_overlap_set, m_overlap_entities, nullptr );
 }
 else
 {
 MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Invalid IntersectionContext context provided" );
 }
}
 
#define NEW_CONVERT_LOGIC
 
#ifdef NEW_CONVERT_LOGIC
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::convert_tempest_mesh_private( TempestMeshType /*meshType*/,
 Mesh* mesh,
 EntityHandle& mesh_set,
 Range& entities,
 Range* vertices )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 const bool outputEnabled = ( TempestRemapper::verbose && is_root );
 const NodeVector& nodes = mesh->nodes;
 const FaceVector& faces = mesh->faces;
 
 moab::DebugOutput dbgprint( std::cout, this->rank, 0 );
 dbgprint.set_prefix( "[TempestToMOAB]: " );
 
 ReadUtilIface* iface;
 rval = m_interface->query_interface( iface );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get reader interface" );
 
 Tag gidTag = m_interface->globalId_tag();
 
 // Set the data for the vertices
 std::vector< double* > arrays;
 std::vector< int > gidsv( nodes.size() );
 EntityHandle startv;
 rval = iface->get_node_coords( 3, nodes.size(), 0, startv, arrays );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get node coords" );
 for( unsigned iverts = 0; iverts < nodes.size(); ++iverts )
 {
 const Node& node = nodes[iverts];
 arrays[0][iverts] = node.x;
 arrays[1][iverts] = node.y;
 arrays[2][iverts] = node.z;
 gidsv[iverts] = iverts + 1;
 }
 Range mbverts( startv, startv + nodes.size() - 1 );
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( mesh_set, mbverts );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add entities" );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( gidTag, mbverts, &gidsv[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set global_id tag" );
 
 gidsv.clear();
 entities.clear();
 
 Tag srcParentTag, tgtParentTag;
 std::vector< int > srcParent( faces.size(), -1 ), tgtParent( faces.size(), -1 );
 std::vector< int > gidse( faces.size(), -1 );
 bool storeParentInfo = ( mesh->vecSourceFaceIx.size() > 0 );
 
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 int defaultInt = -1;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "TargetParent", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, tgtParentTag,
 MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, &defaultInt );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "can't create positive tag" );
 
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "SourceParent", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, srcParentTag,
 MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, &defaultInt );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "can't create negative tag" );
 }
 
 // Let us first perform a full pass assuming arbitrary polygons. This is especially true for
 // overlap meshes.
 // 1. We do a first pass over faces, decipher edge size and group into categories based on
 // element type
 // 2. Next we loop over type, and add blocks of elements into MOAB
 // 3. For each block within the loop, also update the connectivity of elements.
 {
 if( outputEnabled )
 dbgprint.printf( 0, "..Mesh size: Nodes [%zu] Elements [%zu].\n", nodes.size(), faces.size() );
 std::vector< EntityHandle > mbcells( faces.size() );
 unsigned ntris = 0, nquads = 0, npolys = 0;
 std::vector< EntityHandle > conn( 16 );
 
 for( unsigned ifaces = 0; ifaces < faces.size(); ++ifaces )
 {
 const Face& face = faces[ifaces];
 const unsigned num_v_per_elem = face.edges.size();
 
 for( unsigned iedges = 0; iedges < num_v_per_elem; ++iedges )
 {
 conn[iedges] = startv + face.edges[iedges].node[0];
 }
 
 switch( num_v_per_elem )
 {
 case 3:
 // if( outputEnabled )
 // dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Block %d: Triangular Elements [%u].\n", iBlock++, nPolys[iType] );
 rval = m_interface->create_element( MBTRI, &conn[0], num_v_per_elem, mbcells[ifaces] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get element connectivity" );
 ntris++;
 break;
 case 4:
 // if( outputEnabled )
 // dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Block %d: Quadrilateral Elements [%u].\n", iBlock++, nPolys[iType] );
 rval = m_interface->create_element( MBQUAD, &conn[0], num_v_per_elem, mbcells[ifaces] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get element connectivity" );
 nquads++;
 break;
 default:
 // if( outputEnabled )
 // dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Block %d: Polygonal [%u] Elements [%u].\n", iBlock++, iType,
 // nPolys[iType] );
 rval = m_interface->create_element( MBPOLYGON, &conn[0], num_v_per_elem, mbcells[ifaces] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get element connectivity" );
 npolys++;
 break;
 }
 
 gidse[ifaces] = ifaces + 1;
 
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 srcParent[ifaces] = mesh->vecSourceFaceIx[ifaces] + 1;
 tgtParent[ifaces] = mesh->vecTargetFaceIx[ifaces] + 1;
 }
 }
 
 if( ntris ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Triangular Elements [%u].\n", ntris );
 if( nquads ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Quadrangular Elements [%u].\n", nquads );
 if( npolys ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Polygonal Elements [%u].\n", npolys );
 
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( mesh_set, &mbcells[0], mbcells.size() );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Could not add entities" );
 
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( gidTag, &mbcells[0], mbcells.size(), &gidse[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set global_id tag" );
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( srcParentTag, &mbcells[0], mbcells.size(), &srcParent[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set tag data" );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( tgtParentTag, &mbcells[0], mbcells.size(), &tgtParent[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set tag data" );
 }
 
 // insert from mbcells to entities to preserve ordering
 std::copy( mbcells.begin(), mbcells.end(), range_inserter( entities ) );
 }
 
 if( vertices ) *vertices = mbverts;
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
#else
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::convert_tempest_mesh_private( TempestMeshType meshType,
 Mesh* mesh,
 EntityHandle& mesh_set,
 Range& entities,
 Range* vertices )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 
 const bool outputEnabled = ( TempestRemapper::verbose && is_root );
 const NodeVector& nodes = mesh->nodes;
 const FaceVector& faces = mesh->faces;
 
 moab::DebugOutput dbgprint( std::cout, this->rank, 0 );
 dbgprint.set_prefix( "[TempestToMOAB]: " );
 
 ReadUtilIface* iface;
 rval = m_interface->query_interface( iface );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get reader interface" );
 
 Tag gidTag = m_interface->globalId_tag();
 
 // Set the data for the vertices
 std::vector< double* > arrays;
 std::vector< int > gidsv( nodes.size() );
 EntityHandle startv;
 rval = iface->get_node_coords( 3, nodes.size(), 0, startv, arrays );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get node coords" );
 for( unsigned iverts = 0; iverts < nodes.size(); ++iverts )
 {
 const Node& node = nodes[iverts];
 arrays[0][iverts] = node.x;
 arrays[1][iverts] = node.y;
 arrays[2][iverts] = node.z;
 gidsv[iverts] = iverts + 1;
 }
 Range mbverts( startv, startv + nodes.size() - 1 );
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( mesh_set, mbverts );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add entities" );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( gidTag, mbverts, &gidsv[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set global_id tag" );
 
 gidsv.clear();
 entities.clear();
 
 Tag srcParentTag, tgtParentTag;
 std::vector< int > srcParent, tgtParent;
 bool storeParentInfo = ( mesh->vecSourceFaceIx.size() > 0 );
 
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 int defaultInt = -1;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "TargetParent", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, tgtParentTag,
 MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, &defaultInt );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "can't create positive tag" );
 
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "SourceParent", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, srcParentTag,
 MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, &defaultInt );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "can't create negative tag" );
 }
 
 // Let us first perform a full pass assuming arbitrary polygons. This is especially true for
 // overlap meshes.
 // 1. We do a first pass over faces, decipher edge size and group into categories based on
 // element type
 // 2. Next we loop over type, and add blocks of elements into MOAB
 // 3. For each block within the loop, also update the connectivity of elements.
 {
 if( outputEnabled )
 dbgprint.printf( 0, "..Mesh size: Nodes [%zu] Elements [%zu].\n", nodes.size(), faces.size() );
 const int NMAXPOLYEDGES = 15;
 std::vector< unsigned > nPolys( NMAXPOLYEDGES, 0 );
 std::vector< std::vector< int > > typeNSeqs( NMAXPOLYEDGES );
 for( unsigned ifaces = 0; ifaces < faces.size(); ++ifaces )
 {
 const int iType = faces[ifaces].edges.size();
 nPolys[iType]++;
 typeNSeqs[iType].push_back( ifaces );
 }
 int iBlock = 0;
 for( unsigned iType = 0; iType < NMAXPOLYEDGES; ++iType )
 {
 if( !nPolys[iType] ) continue; // Nothing to do
 
 const unsigned num_v_per_elem = iType;
 EntityHandle starte; // Connectivity
 EntityHandle* conn;
 
 // Allocate the connectivity array, depending on the element type
 switch( num_v_per_elem )
 {
 case 3:
 if( outputEnabled )
 dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Block %d: Triangular Elements [%u].\n", iBlock++, nPolys[iType] );
 rval = iface->get_element_connect( nPolys[iType], num_v_per_elem, MBTRI, 0, starte, conn );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get element connectivity" );
 break;
 case 4:
 if( outputEnabled )
 dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Block %d: Quadrilateral Elements [%u].\n", iBlock++, nPolys[iType] );
 rval = iface->get_element_connect( nPolys[iType], num_v_per_elem, MBQUAD, 0, starte, conn );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get element connectivity" );
 break;
 default:
 if( outputEnabled )
 dbgprint.printf( 0, "....Block %d: Polygonal [%u] Elements [%u].\n", iBlock++, iType,
 nPolys[iType] );
 rval = iface->get_element_connect( nPolys[iType], num_v_per_elem, MBPOLYGON, 0, starte, conn );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get element connectivity" );
 break;
 }
 
 Range mbcells( starte, starte + nPolys[iType] - 1 );
 m_interface->add_entities( mesh_set, mbcells );
 
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 srcParent.resize( mbcells.size(), -1 );
 tgtParent.resize( mbcells.size(), -1 );
 }
 
 std::vector< int > gids( typeNSeqs[iType].size() );
 for( unsigned ifaces = 0, offset = 0; ifaces < typeNSeqs[iType].size(); ++ifaces )
 {
 const int fIndex = typeNSeqs[iType][ifaces];
 const Face& face = faces[fIndex];
 // conn[offset++] = startv + face.edges[0].node[0];
 for( unsigned iedges = 0; iedges < face.edges.size(); ++iedges )
 {
 conn[offset++] = startv + face.edges[iedges].node[0];
 }
 
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 srcParent[ifaces] = mesh->vecSourceFaceIx[fIndex] + 1;
 tgtParent[ifaces] = mesh->vecTargetFaceIx[fIndex] + 1;
 }
 
 gids[ifaces] = typeNSeqs[iType][ifaces] + 1;
 }
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( gidTag, mbcells, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set global_id tag" );
 
 if( meshType == OVERLAP_FILES )
 {
 // Now let us update the adjacency data, because some elements are new
 rval = iface->update_adjacencies( starte, nPolys[iType], num_v_per_elem, conn );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't update adjacencies" );
 // Generate all adj entities dimension 1 and 2 (edges and faces/ tri or qua)
 Range edges;
 rval = m_interface->get_adjacencies( mbcells, 1, true, edges, Interface::UNION );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get edges" );
 }
 
 if( storeParentInfo )
 {
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( srcParentTag, mbcells, &srcParent[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set tag data" );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( tgtParentTag, mbcells, &tgtParent[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't set tag data" );
 }
 entities.merge( mbcells );
 }
 }
 
 if( vertices ) *vertices = mbverts;
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
#endif
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::ConvertMeshToTempest( Remapper::IntersectionContext ctx )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 const bool outputEnabled = ( TempestRemapper::verbose && is_root );
 
 moab::DebugOutput dbgprint( std::cout, this->rank, 0 );
 dbgprint.set_prefix( "[MOABToTempest]: " );
 
 if( ctx == Remapper::SourceMesh )
 {
 if( !m_source ) m_source = new Mesh();
 if( outputEnabled ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "Converting (source) MOAB to TempestRemap Mesh representation ...\n" );
 rval = convert_mesh_to_tempest_private( m_source, m_source_set, m_source_entities, &m_source_vertices );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't convert source mesh to Tempest" );
 if( m_source_entities.size() == 0 && m_source_vertices.size() != 0 )
 {
 this->point_cloud_source = true;
 }
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::TargetMesh )
 {
 if( !m_target ) m_target = new Mesh();
 if( outputEnabled ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "Converting (target) MOAB to TempestRemap Mesh representation ...\n" );
 rval = convert_mesh_to_tempest_private( m_target, m_target_set, m_target_entities, &m_target_vertices );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't convert target mesh to Tempest" );
 if( m_target_entities.size() == 0 && m_target_vertices.size() != 0 ) this->point_cloud_target = true;
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::OverlapMesh ) // Overlap mesh
 {
 if( !m_overlap ) m_overlap = new Mesh();
 if( outputEnabled ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "Converting (overlap) MOAB to TempestRemap Mesh representation ...\n" );
 rval = convert_overlap_mesh_sorted_by_source();MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't convert overlap mesh to Tempest" );
 }
 else
 {
 MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Invalid IntersectionContext context provided" );
 }
 
 return rval;
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::convert_mesh_to_tempest_private( Mesh* mesh,
 EntityHandle mesh_set,
 moab::Range& elems,
 moab::Range* pverts )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 Range verts;
 
 NodeVector& nodes = mesh->nodes;
 FaceVector& faces = mesh->faces;
 
 elems.clear();
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( mesh_set, 2, elems );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 const size_t nelems = elems.size();
 
 // resize the number of elements in Tempest mesh
 faces.resize( nelems );
 
 // let us now get the vertices from all the elements
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( elems, verts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 if( verts.size() == 0 )
 {
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( mesh_set, 0, verts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 // assert(verts.size() > 0); // If not, this may be an invalid mesh ! possible for unbalanced loads
 
 std::map< EntityHandle, int > indxMap;
 bool useRange = true;
 if( verts.compactness() > 0.01 )
 {
 int j = 0;
 for( Range::iterator it = verts.begin(); it != verts.end(); it++ )
 indxMap[*it] = j++;
 useRange = false;
 }
 
 std::vector< int > globIds( nelems );
 moab::Tag gid = m_interface->globalId_tag();
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gid, elems, &globIds[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 std::vector< size_t > sortedIdx;
 if( offlineWorkflow )
 {
 sortedIdx.resize( nelems );
 // initialize original index locations
 std::iota( sortedIdx.begin(), sortedIdx.end(), 0 );
 // sort indexes based on comparing values in v, using std::stable_sort instead of std::sort
 // to avoid unnecessary index re-orderings when v contains elements of equal values
 std::sort( sortedIdx.begin(), sortedIdx.end(),
 [&globIds]( size_t i1, size_t i2 ) { return globIds[i1] < globIds[i2]; } );
 }
 
 for( unsigned iface = 0; iface < nelems; ++iface )
 {
 Face& face = faces[iface];
 EntityHandle ehandle = ( offlineWorkflow ? elems[sortedIdx[iface]] : elems[iface] );
 
 // get the connectivity for each edge
 const EntityHandle* connectface;
 int nnodesf;
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( ehandle, connectface, nnodesf );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 // account for padded polygons
 while( connectface[nnodesf - 2] == connectface[nnodesf - 1] && nnodesf > 3 )
 nnodesf--;
 
 face.edges.resize( nnodesf );
 for( int iverts = 0; iverts < nnodesf; ++iverts )
 {
 int indx = ( useRange ? verts.index( connectface[iverts] ) : indxMap[connectface[iverts]] );
 assert( indx >= 0 );
 face.SetNode( iverts, indx );
 }
 }
 
 unsigned nnodes = verts.size();
 nodes.resize( nnodes );
 
 // Set the data for the vertices
 std::vector< double > coordx( nnodes ), coordy( nnodes ), coordz( nnodes );
 rval = m_interface->get_coords( verts, &coordx[0], &coordy[0], &coordz[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( unsigned inode = 0; inode < nnodes; ++inode )
 {
 Node& node = nodes[inode];
 node.x = coordx[inode];
 node.y = coordy[inode];
 node.z = coordz[inode];
 }
 coordx.clear();
 coordy.clear();
 coordz.clear();
 
 mesh->RemoveCoincidentNodes();
 mesh->RemoveZeroEdges();
 
 // Generate reverse node array and edge map
 if( constructEdgeMap ) mesh->ConstructEdgeMap( false );
 // mesh->ConstructReverseNodeArray();
 
 // mesh->Validate();
 
 if( pverts )
 {
 pverts->clear();
 *pverts = verts;
 }
 verts.clear();
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
bool IntPairComparator( const std::array< int, 3 >& a, const std::array< int, 3 >& b )
{
 if( std::get< 1 >( a ) == std::get< 1 >( b ) )
 return std::get< 2 >( a ) < std::get< 2 >( b );
 else
 return std::get< 1 >( a ) < std::get< 1 >( b );
}
 
moab::ErrorCode moab::TempestRemapper::GetOverlapAugmentedEntities( moab::Range& sharedGhostEntities )
{
 sharedGhostEntities.clear();
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 moab::ErrorCode rval;
 
 // Remove entities in the intersection mesh that are part of the ghosted overlap
 if( is_parallel && size > 1 )
 {
 moab::Range allents;
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_overlap_set, 2, allents );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Getting entities dim 2 failed" );
 
 moab::Range sharedents;
 moab::Tag ghostTag;
 std::vector< int > ghFlags( allents.size() );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "ORIG_PROC", ghostTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( ghostTag, allents, &ghFlags[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( unsigned i = 0; i < allents.size(); ++i )
 if( ghFlags[i] >= 0 ) // it means it is a ghost overlap element
 sharedents.insert( allents[i] ); // this should not participate in smat!
 
 allents = subtract( allents, sharedents );
 
 // Get connectivity from all ghosted elements and filter out
 // the vertices that are not owned
 moab::Range ownedverts, sharedverts;
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( allents, ownedverts );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Deleting entities dim 0 failed" );
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( sharedents, sharedverts );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Deleting entities dim 0 failed" );
 sharedverts = subtract( sharedverts, ownedverts );
 // rval = m_interface->remove_entities(m_overlap_set, sharedents);MB_CHK_SET_ERR(rval,
 // "Deleting entities dim 2 failed"); rval = m_interface->remove_entities(m_overlap_set,
 // sharedverts);MB_CHK_SET_ERR(rval, "Deleting entities dim 0 failed");
 
 sharedGhostEntities.merge( sharedents );
 // sharedGhostEntities.merge(sharedverts);
 }
#endif
 return moab::MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::convert_overlap_mesh_sorted_by_source()
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 
 m_overlap_entities.clear();
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_overlap_set, 2, m_overlap_entities );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 // Allocate for the overlap mesh
 if( !m_overlap ) m_overlap = new Mesh();
 
 size_t n_overlap_entitites = m_overlap_entities.size();
 
 std::vector< std::array< int, 3 > > sorted_overlap_order( n_overlap_entitites,
 std::array< int, 3 >( { -1, -1, -1 } ) );
 {
 Tag srcParentTag, tgtParentTag;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "SourceParent", srcParentTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "TargetParent", tgtParentTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 // Overlap mesh: resize the source and target connection arrays
 m_overlap->vecTargetFaceIx.resize( n_overlap_entitites );
 m_overlap->vecSourceFaceIx.resize( n_overlap_entitites );
 
 // Overlap mesh: resize the source and target connection arrays
 std::vector< int > rbids_src( n_overlap_entitites ), rbids_tgt( n_overlap_entitites );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( srcParentTag, m_overlap_entities, &rbids_src[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( tgtParentTag, m_overlap_entities, &rbids_tgt[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( size_t ix = 0; ix < n_overlap_entitites; ++ix )
 {
 std::get< 0 >( sorted_overlap_order[ix] ) = ix;
 std::get< 1 >( sorted_overlap_order[ix] ) =
 ( gid_to_lid_covsrc.size() ? gid_to_lid_covsrc[rbids_src[ix]] : rbids_src[ix] - 1 );
 std::get< 2 >( sorted_overlap_order[ix] ) =
 ( gid_to_lid_tgt.size() ? gid_to_lid_tgt[rbids_tgt[ix]] : rbids_tgt[ix] - 1 );
 }
 std::sort( sorted_overlap_order.begin(), sorted_overlap_order.end(), IntPairComparator );
 // sorted_overlap_order[ie].second , ie=0,nOverlap-1 is the order such that overlap elems
 // are ordered by source parent
 
 std::vector< int > ghFlags;
 if( is_parallel && size > 1 )
 {
 Tag ghostTag;
 ghFlags.resize( n_overlap_entitites );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "ORIG_PROC", ghostTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( ghostTag, m_overlap_entities, &ghFlags[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 for( unsigned ie = 0; ie < n_overlap_entitites; ++ie )
 {
 int ix = std::get< 0 >( sorted_overlap_order[ie] ); // original index of the element
 m_overlap->vecSourceFaceIx[ie] = std::get< 1 >( sorted_overlap_order[ie] );
 if( is_parallel && size > 1 && ghFlags[ix] >= 0 ) // it means it is a ghost overlap element
 m_overlap->vecTargetFaceIx[ie] = -1; // this should not participate in smat!
 else
 m_overlap->vecTargetFaceIx[ie] = std::get< 2 >( sorted_overlap_order[ie] );
 }
 }
 
 FaceVector& faces = m_overlap->faces;
 faces.resize( n_overlap_entitites );
 
 Range verts;
 // let us now get the vertices from all the elements
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( m_overlap_entities, verts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 // std::cout << "Vertices size = " << verts.size() << " , psize = " << verts.psize() << ",
 // compactness = " << verts.compactness() << std::endl;
 
 std::map< EntityHandle, int > indxMap;
 {
 int j = 0;
 for( Range::iterator it = verts.begin(); it != verts.end(); ++it )
 indxMap[*it] = j++;
 }
 
 for( unsigned ifac = 0; ifac < m_overlap_entities.size(); ++ifac )
 {
 const unsigned iface = std::get< 0 >( sorted_overlap_order[ifac] );
 Face& face = faces[ifac];
 EntityHandle ehandle = m_overlap_entities[iface];
 
 // get the connectivity for each edge
 const EntityHandle* connectface;
 int nnodesf;
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( ehandle, connectface, nnodesf );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 face.edges.resize( nnodesf );
 for( int iverts = 0; iverts < nnodesf; ++iverts )
 {
 int indx = indxMap[connectface[iverts]];
 assert( indx >= 0 );
 face.SetNode( iverts, indx );
 }
 }
 indxMap.clear();
 
 sorted_overlap_order.clear();
 
 unsigned nnodes = verts.size();
 NodeVector& nodes = m_overlap->nodes;
 nodes.resize( nnodes );
 
 // Set the data for the vertices
 std::vector< double > coordx( nnodes ), coordy( nnodes ), coordz( nnodes );
 rval = m_interface->get_coords( verts, &coordx[0], &coordy[0], &coordz[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( unsigned inode = 0; inode < nnodes; ++inode )
 {
 Node& node = nodes[inode];
 node.x = coordx[inode];
 node.y = coordy[inode];
 node.z = coordz[inode];
 }
 coordx.clear();
 coordy.clear();
 coordz.clear();
 verts.clear();
 
 // m_overlap->RemoveZeroEdges();
 // m_overlap->RemoveCoincidentNodes( false );
 
 // Generate reverse node array and edge map
 // if ( constructEdgeMap ) m_overlap->ConstructEdgeMap(false);
 // m_overlap->ConstructReverseNodeArray();
 
 m_overlap->Validate();
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
// Should be ordered as Source, Target, Overlap
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::ComputeGlobalLocalMaps()
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 
 if( 0 == m_covering_source )
 {
 m_covering_source = new Mesh();
 rval = convert_mesh_to_tempest_private( m_covering_source, m_covering_source_set, m_covering_source_entities,
 &m_covering_source_vertices );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't convert source Tempest mesh" );
 }
 
#ifdef VERBOSE
 m_covering_source->Write( std::string( "coverage_TR_p" + std::to_string( rank ) + ".g" ) );
 m_target->Write( std::string( "target_TR_p" + std::to_string( rank ) + ".g" ) );
#endif
 
 gid_to_lid_src.clear();
 lid_to_gid_src.clear();
 gid_to_lid_covsrc.clear();
 lid_to_gid_covsrc.clear();
 gid_to_lid_tgt.clear();
 lid_to_gid_tgt.clear();
 {
 Tag gidtag = m_interface->globalId_tag();
 
 std::vector< int > gids;
 if( point_cloud_source )
 {
 gids.resize( m_covering_source_vertices.size(), -1 );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, m_covering_source_vertices, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 else
 {
 gids.resize( m_covering_source_entities.size(), -1 );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, m_covering_source_entities, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 for( unsigned ie = 0; ie < gids.size(); ++ie )
 {
 gid_to_lid_covsrc[gids[ie]] = ie;
 lid_to_gid_covsrc[ie] = gids[ie];
 }
 
 if( point_cloud_source )
 {
 gids.resize( m_source_vertices.size(), -1 );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, m_source_vertices, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 else
 {
 gids.resize( m_source_entities.size(), -1 );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, m_source_entities, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 for( unsigned ie = 0; ie < gids.size(); ++ie )
 {
 gid_to_lid_src[gids[ie]] = ie;
 lid_to_gid_src[ie] = gids[ie];
 }
 
 if( point_cloud_target )
 {
 gids.resize( m_target_vertices.size(), -1 );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, m_target_vertices, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 else
 {
 gids.resize( m_target_entities.size(), -1 );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, m_target_entities, &gids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 for( unsigned ie = 0; ie < gids.size(); ++ie )
 {
 gid_to_lid_tgt[gids[ie]] = ie;
 lid_to_gid_tgt[ie] = gids[ie];
 }
 }
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
moab::ErrorCode moab::TempestRemapper::WriteTempestIntersectionMesh( std::string strOutputFileName,
 const bool fAllParallel,
 const bool fInputConcave,
 const bool fOutputConcave )
{
 // Let us alos write out the TempestRemap equivalent so that we can do some verification checks
 if( fAllParallel )
 {
 if( is_root && size == 1 )
 {
 this->m_source->CalculateFaceAreas( fInputConcave );
 this->m_target->CalculateFaceAreas( fOutputConcave );
 this->m_overlap->Write( strOutputFileName.c_str(), NcFile::Netcdf4 );
 }
 else
 {
 // Perform reduction and write from root processor
 // if ( is_root )
 // std::cout << "--- PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION is NOT AVAILABLE yet ---\n";
 
 this->m_source->CalculateFaceAreas( fInputConcave );
 this->m_covering_source->CalculateFaceAreas( fInputConcave );
 this->m_target->CalculateFaceAreas( fOutputConcave );
 this->m_overlap->Write( strOutputFileName.c_str(), NcFile::Netcdf4 );
 }
 }
 else
 {
 this->m_source->CalculateFaceAreas( fInputConcave );
 this->m_target->CalculateFaceAreas( fOutputConcave );
 this->m_overlap->Write( strOutputFileName.c_str(), NcFile::Netcdf4 );
 }
 
 return moab::MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
void TempestRemapper::SetMeshSet( Remapper::IntersectionContext ctx /* Remapper::CoveringMesh*/,
 moab::EntityHandle mset,
 moab::Range* entities )
{
 
 if( ctx == Remapper::SourceMesh ) // should not be used
 {
 m_source_set = mset;
 if( entities ) m_source_entities = *entities;
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::TargetMesh )
 {
 m_target_set = mset;
 if( entities ) m_target_entities = *entities;
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::CoveringMesh )
 {
 m_covering_source_set = mset;
 if( entities ) m_covering_source_entities = *entities;
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::SourceMeshWithGhosts )
 {
 m_source_set_with_ghosts = mset; // entities not used
 }
 else if( ctx == Remapper::TargetMeshWithGhosts )
 {
 m_target_set_with_ghosts = mset; // entities not used
 }
 else
 {
 // nothing to do really..
 return;
 }
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
#ifndef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::assign_vertex_element_IDs( Tag idtag,
 EntityHandle this_set,
 const int dimension,
 const int start_id )
{
 assert( idtag );
 
 ErrorCode rval;
 Range entities;
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( this_set, dimension, entities );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Failed to get entities" );
 
 if( entities.size() == 0 ) return moab::MB_SUCCESS;
 
 int idoffset = start_id;
 std::vector< int > gid( entities.size() );
 for( unsigned i = 0; i < entities.size(); ++i )
 gid[i] = idoffset++;
 
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( idtag, entities, &gid[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 return moab::MB_SUCCESS;
}
#endif
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
// Create a custom comparator for Nodes
bool operator<( Node const& lhs, Node const& rhs )
{
 return std::pow( lhs.x - rhs.x, 2.0 ) + std::pow( lhs.y - rhs.y, 2.0 ) + std::pow( lhs.z - rhs.z, 2.0 );
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::GenerateCSMeshMetadata( const int ntot_elements,
 moab::Range& ents,
 moab::Range* secondary_ents,
 const std::string& dofTagName,
 int nP )
{
 Mesh csMesh;
 int err;
 moab::ErrorCode rval;
 
 const int csResolution = std::sqrt( ntot_elements / 6.0 );
 
 if( csResolution * csResolution * 6 != ntot_elements ) return MB_INVALID_SIZE;
 
 // Create a temporary Cubed-Sphere mesh
 // NOTE: This will not work for RRM grids. Need to run HOMME for that case anyway
 err = GenerateCSMesh( csMesh, csResolution, "", "NetCDF4" );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( err ? MB_FAILURE : MB_SUCCESS, "Failed to generate CS mesh through TempestRemap" );
 
 rval = this->GenerateMeshMetadata( csMesh, ntot_elements, ents, secondary_ents, dofTagName, nP );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Failed in call to GenerateMeshMetadata" );
 
 return moab::MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::GenerateMeshMetadata( Mesh& csMesh,
 const int ntot_elements,
 moab::Range& ents,
 moab::Range* secondary_ents,
 const std::string dofTagName,
 int nP )
{
 moab::ErrorCode rval;
 
 Tag dofTag;
 bool created = false;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( dofTagName.c_str(), nP * nP, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, dofTag,
 MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, 0, &created );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Failed creating DoF tag" );
 
 // Number of Faces
 int nElements = static_cast< int >( csMesh.faces.size() );
 
 if( nElements != ntot_elements ) return MB_INVALID_SIZE;
 
 // Initialize data structures
 DataArray3D< int > dataGLLnodes;
 dataGLLnodes.Allocate( nP, nP, nElements );
 
 std::map< Node, int > mapNodes;
 std::map< Node, moab::EntityHandle > mapLocalMBNodes;
 
 // GLL Quadrature nodes
 DataArray1D< double > dG;
 DataArray1D< double > dW;
 GaussLobattoQuadrature::GetPoints( nP, 0.0, 1.0, dG, dW );
 
 moab::Range entities( ents );
 if( secondary_ents ) entities.insert( secondary_ents->begin(), secondary_ents->end() );
 double elcoords[3];
 for( unsigned iel = 0; iel < entities.size(); ++iel )
 {
 EntityHandle eh = entities[iel];
 rval = m_interface->get_coords( &eh, 1, elcoords );
 Node elCentroid( elcoords[0], elcoords[1], elcoords[2] );
 mapLocalMBNodes.insert( std::pair< Node, moab::EntityHandle >( elCentroid, eh ) );
 }
 
 // Build a Kd-tree for local mesh (nearest neighbor searches)
 // Loop over all elements in CS-Mesh
 // Then find if current centroid is in an element
 // If yes - then let us compute the DoF numbering and set to tag data
 // If no - then compute DoF numbering BUT DO NOT SET to tag data
 // continue
 int* dofIDs = new int[nP * nP];
 
 // Write metadata
 for( int k = 0; k < nElements; k++ )
 {
 const Face& face = csMesh.faces[k];
 const NodeVector& nodes = csMesh.nodes;
 
 if( face.edges.size() != 4 )
 {
 _EXCEPTIONT( "Mesh must only contain quadrilateral elements" );
 }
 
 Node centroid;
 centroid.x = centroid.y = centroid.z = 0.0;
 for( unsigned l = 0; l < face.edges.size(); ++l )
 {
 centroid.x += nodes[face[l]].x;
 centroid.y += nodes[face[l]].y;
 centroid.z += nodes[face[l]].z;
 }
 const double factor = 1.0 / face.edges.size();
 centroid.x *= factor;
 centroid.y *= factor;
 centroid.z *= factor;
 
 bool locElem = false;
 EntityHandle current_eh;
 if( mapLocalMBNodes.find( centroid ) != mapLocalMBNodes.end() )
 {
 locElem = true;
 current_eh = mapLocalMBNodes[centroid];
 }
 
 for( int j = 0; j < nP; j++ )
 {
 for( int i = 0; i < nP; i++ )
 {
 // Get local map vectors
 Node nodeGLL;
 Node dDx1G;
 Node dDx2G;
 
 // ApplyLocalMap(
 // face,
 // nodevec,
 // dG[i],
 // dG[j],
 // nodeGLL,
 // dDx1G,
 // dDx2G);
 const double& dAlpha = dG[i];
 const double& dBeta = dG[j];
 
 // Calculate nodal locations on the plane
 double dXc = nodes[face[0]].x * ( 1.0 - dAlpha ) * ( 1.0 - dBeta ) +
 nodes[face[1]].x * dAlpha * ( 1.0 - dBeta ) + nodes[face[2]].x * dAlpha * dBeta +
 nodes[face[3]].x * ( 1.0 - dAlpha ) * dBeta;
 
 double dYc = nodes[face[0]].y * ( 1.0 - dAlpha ) * ( 1.0 - dBeta ) +
 nodes[face[1]].y * dAlpha * ( 1.0 - dBeta ) + nodes[face[2]].y * dAlpha * dBeta +
 nodes[face[3]].y * ( 1.0 - dAlpha ) * dBeta;
 
 double dZc = nodes[face[0]].z * ( 1.0 - dAlpha ) * ( 1.0 - dBeta ) +
 nodes[face[1]].z * dAlpha * ( 1.0 - dBeta ) + nodes[face[2]].z * dAlpha * dBeta +
 nodes[face[3]].z * ( 1.0 - dAlpha ) * dBeta;
 
 double dR = sqrt( dXc * dXc + dYc * dYc + dZc * dZc );
 
 // Mapped node location
 nodeGLL.x = dXc / dR;
 nodeGLL.y = dYc / dR;
 nodeGLL.z = dZc / dR;
 
 // Determine if this is a unique Node
 std::map< Node, int >::const_iterator iter = mapNodes.find( nodeGLL );
 if( iter == mapNodes.end() )
 {
 // Insert new unique node into map
 int ixNode = static_cast< int >( mapNodes.size() );
 mapNodes.insert( std::pair< Node, int >( nodeGLL, ixNode ) );
 dataGLLnodes[j][i][k] = ixNode + 1;
 }
 else
 {
 dataGLLnodes[j][i][k] = iter->second + 1;
 }
 
 dofIDs[j * nP + i] = dataGLLnodes[j][i][k];
 }
 }
 
 if( locElem )
 {
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( dofTag, &current_eh, 1, dofIDs );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Failed to tag_set_data for DoFs" );
 }
 }
 
 // clear memory
 delete[] dofIDs;
 mapLocalMBNodes.clear();
 mapNodes.clear();
 
 return moab::MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
//#define MOAB_DBG
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::ConstructCoveringSet( double tolerance,
 double radius_src,
 double radius_tgt,
 double boxeps,
 bool regional_mesh,
 bool gnomonic,
 int order )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 
 rrmgrids = regional_mesh;
 moab::Range local_verts;
 
 // Initialize intersection context
 mbintx = new moab::Intx2MeshOnSphere( m_interface, moab::IntxAreaUtils::GaussQuadrature );
 
 mbintx->set_error_tolerance( tolerance );
 mbintx->set_radius_source_mesh( radius_src );
 mbintx->set_radius_destination_mesh( radius_tgt );
 mbintx->set_box_error( boxeps );
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 mbintx->set_parallel_comm( m_pcomm );
#endif
 
 // compute the maxiumum edges in elements comprising source and target mesh
 rval = mbintx->FindMaxEdges( m_source_set, m_target_set );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 this->max_source_edges = mbintx->max_edges_1;
 this->max_target_edges = mbintx->max_edges_2;
 
 // Note: lots of communication possible, if mesh is distributed very differently
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 if( is_parallel )
 {
 rval = mbintx->build_processor_euler_boxes( m_target_set, local_verts, gnomonic );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( moab::MESHSET_SET, m_covering_source_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create new set" );
 
 rval = mbintx->construct_covering_set( m_source_set_with_ghosts, m_covering_source_set, gnomonic, order );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 std::stringstream filename;
 filename << "covering" << rank << ".h5m";
 rval = m_interface->write_file( filename.str().c_str(), 0, 0, &m_covering_source_set, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 std::stringstream targetFile;
 targetFile << "target" << rank << ".h5m";
 rval = m_interface->write_file( targetFile.str().c_str(), 0, 0, &m_target_set, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
#endif
 }
 else
 {
#endif
 if( rrmgrids )
 {
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( moab::MESHSET_SET, m_covering_source_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create new set" );
 
 double tolerance = 1e-6, btolerance = 1e-3;
 moab::AdaptiveKDTree tree( m_interface );
 moab::Range targetVerts;
 
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( m_target_entities, targetVerts, true );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 rval = tree.build_tree( m_source_entities, &m_source_set );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 for( unsigned ie = 0; ie < targetVerts.size(); ++ie )
 {
 EntityHandle el = targetVerts[ie], leaf;
 double point[3];
 
 // Get the element centroid to be queried
 rval = m_interface->get_coords( &el, 1, point );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 // Search for the closest source element in the master mesh corresponding
 // to the target element centroid in the slave mesh
 rval = tree.point_search( point, leaf, tolerance, btolerance );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 if( leaf == 0 )
 {
 leaf = m_source_set; // no hint
 }
 
 std::vector< moab::EntityHandle > leaf_elems;
 // We only care about the dimension that the user specified.
 // MOAB partitions are ordered by elements anyway.
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( leaf, 2, leaf_elems );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 if( !leaf_elems.size() )
 {
 // std::cout << ie << ": " << " No leaf elements found." << std::endl;
 continue;
 }
 
 // Now get the master element centroids so that we can compute
 // the minimum distance to the target point
 std::vector< double > centroids( leaf_elems.size() * 3 );
 rval = m_interface->get_coords( &leaf_elems[0], leaf_elems.size(), &centroids[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 double dist = 1e5;
 int pinelem = -1;
 for( size_t il = 0; il < leaf_elems.size(); ++il )
 {
 const double* centroid = &centroids[il * 3];
 const double locdist = std::pow( point[0] - centroid[0], 2 ) +
 std::pow( point[1] - centroid[1], 2 ) +
 std::pow( point[2] - centroid[2], 2 );
 
 if( locdist < dist )
 {
 dist = locdist;
 pinelem = il;
 m_covering_source_entities.insert( leaf_elems[il] );
 }
 }
 
 if( pinelem < 0 )
 {
 std::cout << ie
 << ": [Error] - Could not find a minimum distance within the leaf "
 "nodes. Dist = "
 << dist << std::endl;
 }
 }
 // rval = tree.reset_tree();MB_CHK_ERR(rval);
 std::cout << "[INFO] - Total covering source entities = " << m_covering_source_entities.size() << std::endl;
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( m_covering_source_set, m_covering_source_entities );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 else
 {
 m_covering_source_set = m_source_set;
 m_covering_source = m_source;
 m_covering_source_entities = m_source_entities; // this is a tempest mesh object; careful about
 // incrementing the reference?
 m_covering_source_vertices = m_source_vertices; // this is a tempest mesh object; careful about
 // incrementing the reference?
 }
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 }
#endif
 
 return rval;
}
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::ComputeOverlapMesh( bool kdtree_search, bool use_tempest, int nLayers )
{
 ErrorCode rval;
 const bool outputEnabled = ( this->rank == 0 );
 moab::DebugOutput dbgprint( std::cout, this->rank, 0 );
 dbgprint.set_prefix( "[ComputeOverlapMesh]: " );
 
 // const double radius = 1.0 /*2.0*acos(-1.0)*/;
 // const double boxeps = 0.1;
 // Create the intersection on the sphere object and set up necessary parameters
 
 // First, split based on whether to use Tempest or MOAB
 // If Tempest
 // 1) Check for valid Mesh and pointers to objects for source/target
 // 2) Invoke GenerateOverlapWithMeshes routine from Tempest library
 // If MOAB
 // 1) Check for valid source and target meshsets (and entities)
 // 2) Build processor bounding boxes and construct a covering set
 // 3) Perform intersection between the source (covering) and target entities
 if( use_tempest )
 {
 // Now let us construct the overlap mesh, by calling TempestRemap interface directly
 // For the overlap method, choose between: "fuzzy", "exact" or "mixed"
 assert( m_source != nullptr );
 assert( m_target != nullptr );
 if( m_overlap != nullptr ) delete m_overlap;
 m_overlap = new Mesh();
 bool concaveMeshA = false, concaveMeshB = false;
 int err = GenerateOverlapWithMeshes( *m_covering_source, *m_target, *m_overlap, "" /*outFilename*/, "Netcdf4",
 "exact", concaveMeshA, concaveMeshB, false );
 if( err )
 {
 MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "TempestRemap: Can't compute the intersection of meshes on the sphere" );
 }
 }
 else
 {
 // Now perform the actual parallel intersection between the source and the target meshes
 if( kdtree_search )
 {
 if( outputEnabled ) dbgprint.printf( 0, "Computing intersection mesh with the Kd-tree search algorithm" );
 rval = mbintx->intersect_meshes_kdtree( m_covering_source_set, m_target_set, m_overlap_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't compute the intersection of meshes on the sphere with brute-force" );
 }
 else
 {
 if( outputEnabled )
 dbgprint.printf( 0, "Computing intersection mesh with the advancing-front propagation algorithm" );
 rval = mbintx->intersect_meshes( m_covering_source_set, m_target_set, m_overlap_set );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't compute the intersection of meshes on the sphere" );
 }
 
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 if( is_parallel || rrmgrids )
 {
#ifdef VERBOSE
 std::stringstream ffc, fft, ffo;
 ffc << "cover_" << rank << ".h5m";
 fft << "target_" << rank << ".h5m";
 ffo << "intx_" << rank << ".h5m";
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh( ffc.str().c_str(), &m_covering_source_set, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh( fft.str().c_str(), &m_target_set, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh( ffo.str().c_str(), &m_overlap_set, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
#endif
 // because we do not want to work with elements in coverage set that do not participate
 // in intersection, remove them from the coverage set we will not delete them yet, just
 // remove from the set !
 if( !point_cloud_target )
 {
 Range covEnts;
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_covering_source_set, 2, covEnts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 std::map< int, int > loc_gid_to_lid_covsrc;
 std::vector< int > gids( covEnts.size(), -1 );
 
 Tag gidtag = m_interface->globalId_tag();
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gidtag, covEnts, gids.data() );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 for( unsigned ie = 0; ie < gids.size(); ++ie )
 {
 assert( gids[ie] > 0 );
 loc_gid_to_lid_covsrc[gids[ie]] = ie;
 }
 
 Range intxCov, intxCells;
 Tag srcParentTag;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "SourceParent", srcParentTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_overlap_set, 2, intxCells );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( Range::iterator it = intxCells.begin(); it != intxCells.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle intxCell = *it;
 int srcParent = -1;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( srcParentTag, &intxCell, 1, &srcParent );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 assert( srcParent >= 0 );
 intxCov.insert( covEnts[loc_gid_to_lid_covsrc[srcParent]] );
 }
 if( nLayers )
 {
 if( !intxCov.empty() )
 {
 // add to the intxCov range the ghost layers we used for coverage for higher order maps
 Range extraCovCells;
 rval =
 MeshTopoUtil( m_interface ).get_bridge_adjacencies( intxCov, 0, 2, extraCovCells, nLayers );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Failed to get bridge adjacencies" );
 intxCov.merge( extraCovCells );
 }
 }
 
 Range notNeededCovCells = moab::subtract( covEnts, intxCov );
 
 // now let us get only the covering entities that participate in intersection mesh
 covEnts = moab::subtract( covEnts, notNeededCovCells );
 
 // in order for getting 1-ring neighborhood, we need to be sure that the adjacencies are updated (created)
 if( false )
 {
 // update all adjacency list
 Core* mb = dynamic_cast< Core* >( m_interface );
 AEntityFactory* adj_fact = mb->a_entity_factory();
 if( !adj_fact->vert_elem_adjacencies() )
 adj_fact->create_vert_elem_adjacencies();
 else
 {
 for( Range::iterator it = covEnts.begin(); it != covEnts.end(); ++it )
 {
 EntityHandle eh = *it;
 const EntityHandle* conn = nullptr;
 int num_nodes = 0;
 rval = mb->get_connectivity( eh, conn, num_nodes );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 adj_fact->notify_create_entity( eh, conn, num_nodes );
 }
 }
 
 // next, for elements on the edge of the partition, get one ring adjacencies
 Skinner skinner( mb );
 Range skin;
 rval = skinner.find_skin( m_covering_source_set, covEnts, false, skin );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Unable to find skin" );
 for( Range::iterator it = skin.begin(); it != skin.end(); ++it )
 {
 const EntityHandle* conn = nullptr;
 int len = 0;
 rval = mb->get_connectivity( *it, conn, len, false );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( int ie = 0; ie < len; ++ie )
 {
 std::vector< EntityHandle > adjacent_entities;
 rval = adj_fact->get_adjacencies( conn[ie], 2, false, adjacent_entities );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( auto ent : adjacent_entities )
 notNeededCovCells.erase( ent ); // ent is part of the 1-ring neighborhood
 }
 }
 
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh(
 std::string( "sourcecoveragemesh_p" + std::to_string( rank ) + ".h5m" ).c_str(),
 &m_covering_source_set, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 
 // remove now from coverage set the cells that are not needed
 // rval = m_interface->remove_entities( m_covering_source_set, notNeededCovCells );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 // Need to loop over covEnts now and ensure at least N-rings are available dependign on whether bilinear (1) or
 // high order FV (p) methods are being used for map generation. For bilinear/FV(1): need 1 ring, and for FV(p)
 // need p=ring neighborhood to recover exact conservation and consistency wrt serial/parallel.
#ifdef VERBOSE
 std::cout << " total participating elements in the covering set: " << intxCov.size() << "\n";
 std::cout << " remove from coverage set elements that are not intersected: " << notNeededCovCells.size()
 << "\n";
#endif
 if( size > 1 )
 {
 
 // some source elements cover multiple target partitions; the conservation logic
 // requires to know all overlap elements for a source element; they need to be
 // communicated from the other target partitions
 //
 // so first we have to identify source (coverage) elements that cover multiple
 // target partitions
 //
 // we will then mark the source, we will need to migrate the overlap elements
 // that cover this to the original source for the source element; then
 // distribute the overlap elements to all processors that have the coverage mesh
 // used
 rval = augment_overlap_set();MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 }
 }
#endif
 
 // Fix any inconsistencies in the overlap mesh
 {
 IntxAreaUtils areaAdaptor;
 rval = IntxUtils::fix_degenerate_quads( m_interface, m_overlap_set );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = areaAdaptor.positive_orientation( m_interface, m_overlap_set, 1.0 /*radius*/ );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 
 // Now let us re-convert the MOAB mesh back to Tempest representation
 rval = this->ComputeGlobalLocalMaps();MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 rval = this->convert_overlap_mesh_sorted_by_source();MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 // free the memory
 delete mbintx;
 }
 
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
 
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
 
// this function is called only in parallel
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::augment_overlap_set()
{
 /*
 * overall strategy:
 *
 * 1) collect all boundary target cells on the current task, affected by the partition boundary;
 * note: not only partition boundary, we need all boundary (all coastal lines) and partition
 * boundary targetBoundaryIds is the set of target boundary cell IDs
 *
 * 2) collect all source cells that are intersecting boundary cells (call them
 * affectedSourceCellsIds)
 *
 * 3) collect overlap, that is accumulate all overlap cells that have source target in
 * affectedSourceCellsIds
 */
 // first, get all edges on the partition boundary, on the target mesh, then all the target
 // elements that border the partition boundary
 ErrorCode rval;
 Skinner skinner( m_interface );
 Range targetCells, boundaryEdges;
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_target_set, 2, targetCells );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 /// find all boundary edges
 rval = skinner.find_skin( 0, targetCells, false, boundaryEdges );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 // filter boundary edges that are on partition boundary, not on boundary
 // find all cells adjacent to these boundary edges, from target set
 Range boundaryCells; // these will be filtered from target_set
 rval = m_interface->get_adjacencies( boundaryEdges, 2, false, boundaryCells, Interface::UNION );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 boundaryCells = intersect( boundaryCells, targetCells );
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 EntityHandle tmpSet;
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( MESHSET_SET, tmpSet );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create temporary set" );
 // add the boundary set and edges, and save it to a file
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( tmpSet, boundaryCells );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add entities" );
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( tmpSet, boundaryEdges );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add edges" );
 std::stringstream ffs;
 ffs << "boundaryCells_0" << rank << ".h5m";
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh( ffs.str().c_str(), &tmpSet, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
#endif
 
 // now that we have the boundary cells, see which overlap polys have these as parents;
 // find the ids of the boundary cells;
 Tag gid = m_interface->globalId_tag();
 std::set< int > targetBoundaryIds;
 for( Range::iterator it = boundaryCells.begin(); it != boundaryCells.end(); it++ )
 {
 int tid;
 EntityHandle targetCell = *it;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gid, &targetCell, 1, &tid );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't get global id tag on target cell" );
 if( tid < 0 ) std::cout << " incorrect id for a target cell\n";
 targetBoundaryIds.insert( tid );
 }
 
 Range overlapCells;
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_overlap_set, 2, overlapCells );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 std::set< int > affectedSourceCellsIds;
 Tag targetParentTag, sourceParentTag; // do not use blue/red, as it is more confusing
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "TargetParent", targetParentTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "SourceParent", sourceParentTag );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( Range::iterator it = overlapCells.begin(); it != overlapCells.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle intxCell = *it;
 int targetParentID, sourceParentID;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( targetParentTag, &intxCell, 1, &targetParentID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 if( targetBoundaryIds.find( targetParentID ) != targetBoundaryIds.end() )
 {
 // this means that the source element is affected
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( sourceParentTag, &intxCell, 1, &sourceParentID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 affectedSourceCellsIds.insert( sourceParentID );
 }
 }
 
 // now find all source cells affected, based on their id;
 // (we do not have yet the mapping gid_to_lid_covsrc)
 std::map< int, EntityHandle > affectedCovCellFromID; // map from source cell id to the eh; it is needed to find out
 // the original processor
 // this one came from , so to know where to send the overlap elements
 
 // use std::set<EntityHandle> instead of moab::Range for collecting cells, either on coverage or
 // target or intx cells
 std::set< EntityHandle > affectedCovCells; // their overlap cells will be sent to their
 // original task, then distributed to all
 // other processes that might need them to compute conservation
 
 Range covCells;
 rval = m_interface->get_entities_by_dimension( m_covering_source_set, 2, covCells );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 // loop thru all cov cells, to find the ones with global ids in affectedSourceCellsIds
 for( Range::iterator it = covCells.begin(); it != covCells.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle covCell = *it; //
 int covID;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( gid, &covCell, 1, &covID );
 if( affectedSourceCellsIds.find( covID ) != affectedSourceCellsIds.end() )
 {
 // this source cell is affected;
 affectedCovCellFromID[covID] = covCell;
 affectedCovCells.insert( covCell );
 }
 }
 
 // now loop again over all overlap cells, to see if their source parent is "affected"
 // store in ranges the overlap cells that need to be sent to original task of the source cell
 // from there, they will be redistributed to the tasks that need that coverage cell
 Tag sendProcTag;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "sending_processor", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, sendProcTag );
 
 // basically a map from original processor task to the set of overlap cells to be sent there
 std::map< int, std::set< EntityHandle > > overlapCellsForTask;
 // this set will contain all intx cells that will need to be sent ( a union of above sets ,
 // that are organized per task on the above map )
 std::set< EntityHandle > overlapCellsToSend;
 
 for( Range::iterator it = overlapCells.begin(); it != overlapCells.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle intxCell = *it;
 int sourceParentID;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( sourceParentTag, &intxCell, 1, &sourceParentID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 if( affectedSourceCellsIds.find( sourceParentID ) != affectedSourceCellsIds.end() )
 {
 EntityHandle covCell = affectedCovCellFromID[sourceParentID];
 int orgTask;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( sendProcTag, &covCell, 1, &orgTask );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 overlapCellsForTask[orgTask].insert(
 intxCell ); // put the overlap cell in corresponding range (set<EntityHandle>)
 overlapCellsToSend.insert( intxCell ); // also put it in this range, for debugging mostly
 }
 }
 
 // now prepare to send; will use crystal router, as the buffers in ParComm are prepared only
 // for neighbors; coverage mesh was also migrated with crystal router, so here we go again :(
 
 // find out the maximum number of edges of the polygons needed to be sent
 // we could we conservative and use a big number, or the number from intx, if we store it then?
 int maxEdges = 0;
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator it = overlapCellsToSend.begin(); it != overlapCellsToSend.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle intxCell = *it;
 int nnodes;
 const EntityHandle* conn;
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( intxCell, conn, nnodes );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 if( maxEdges < nnodes ) maxEdges = nnodes;
 }
 
 // find the maximum among processes in intersection
 int globalMaxEdges;
 if( m_pcomm )
 MPI_Allreduce( &maxEdges, &globalMaxEdges, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MAX, m_pcomm->comm() );
 else
 globalMaxEdges = maxEdges;
 
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 if( is_root ) std::cout << "maximum number of edges for polygons to send is " << globalMaxEdges << "\n";
#endif
 
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 EntityHandle tmpSet2;
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( MESHSET_SET, tmpSet2 );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create temporary set2" );
 // add the affected source and overlap elements
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator it = overlapCellsToSend.begin(); it != overlapCellsToSend.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle intxCell = *it;
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( tmpSet2, &intxCell, 1 );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add entities" );
 }
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator it = affectedCovCells.begin(); it != affectedCovCells.end(); it++ )
 {
 EntityHandle covCell = *it;
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( tmpSet2, &covCell, 1 );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add entities" );
 }
 std::stringstream ffs2;
 // these will contain coverage cells and intx cells on the boundary
 ffs2 << "affectedCells_" << m_pcomm->rank() << ".h5m";
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh( ffs2.str().c_str(), &tmpSet2, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
#endif
 // form tuple lists to send vertices and cells;
 // the problem is that the lists of vertices will need to have other information, like the
 // processor it comes from, and its index in that list; we may have to duplicate vertices, but
 // we do not care much; we will not duplicate overlap elements, just the vertices, as they may
 // come from different cells and different processes each vertex will have a local index and a
 // processor task it is coming from
 
 // look through the std::set's to be sent to other processes, and form the vertex tuples and
 // cell tuples
 //
 std::map< int, std::set< EntityHandle > > verticesOverlapForTask;
 // Range allVerticesToSend;
 std::set< EntityHandle > allVerticesToSend;
 std::map< EntityHandle, int > allVerticesToSendMap;
 int numVerts = 0;
 int numOverlapCells = 0;
 for( std::map< int, std::set< EntityHandle > >::iterator it = overlapCellsForTask.begin();
 it != overlapCellsForTask.end(); it++ )
 {
 int sendToProc = it->first;
 std::set< EntityHandle >& overlapCellsToSend2 = it->second; // organize vertices in std::set per processor
 // Range vertices;
 std::set< EntityHandle > vertices; // collect all vertices connected to overlapCellsToSend2
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator set_it = overlapCellsToSend2.begin();
 set_it != overlapCellsToSend2.end(); ++set_it )
 {
 int nnodes_local = 0;
 const EntityHandle* conn1 = nullptr;
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( *set_it, conn1, nnodes_local );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 for( int k = 0; k < nnodes_local; k++ )
 vertices.insert( conn1[k] );
 }
 verticesOverlapForTask[sendToProc] = vertices;
 numVerts += (int)vertices.size();
 numOverlapCells += (int)overlapCellsToSend2.size();
 allVerticesToSend.insert( vertices.begin(), vertices.end() );
 }
 // build the index map, from entity handle to index in all vert set
 int j = 0;
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator vert_it = allVerticesToSend.begin(); vert_it != allVerticesToSend.end();
 vert_it++, j++ )
 {
 EntityHandle vert = *vert_it;
 allVerticesToSendMap[vert] = j;
 }
 
 // first send vertices in a tuple list, then send overlap cells, according to requests
 // overlap cells need to send info about the blue and red parent tags, too
 TupleList TLv; //
 TLv.initialize( 2, 0, 0, 3, numVerts ); // to proc, index in all range, DP points
 TLv.enableWriteAccess();
 
 for( std::map< int, std::set< EntityHandle > >::iterator it = verticesOverlapForTask.begin();
 it != verticesOverlapForTask.end(); it++ )
 {
 int sendToProc = it->first;
 std::set< EntityHandle >& vertices = it->second;
 int i = 0;
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator it2 = vertices.begin(); it2 != vertices.end(); it2++, i++ )
 {
 int n = TLv.get_n();
 TLv.vi_wr[2 * n] = sendToProc; // send to processor
 EntityHandle v = *it2;
 int indexInAllVert = allVerticesToSendMap[v];
 TLv.vi_wr[2 * n + 1] = indexInAllVert; // will be orgProc, to differentiate indices
 // of vertices sent to "sentToProc"
 double coords[3];
 rval = m_interface->get_coords( &v, 1, coords );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 TLv.vr_wr[3 * n] = coords[0]; // departure position, of the node local_verts[i]
 TLv.vr_wr[3 * n + 1] = coords[1];
 TLv.vr_wr[3 * n + 2] = coords[2];
 TLv.inc_n();
 }
 }
 
 TupleList TLc;
 int sizeTuple = 4 + globalMaxEdges;
 // total number of overlap cells to send
 TLc.initialize( sizeTuple, 0, 0, 0,
 numOverlapCells ); // to proc, blue parent ID, red parent ID, nvert,
 // connectivity[globalMaxEdges] (global ID v), local eh)
 TLc.enableWriteAccess();
 
 for( std::map< int, std::set< EntityHandle > >::iterator it = overlapCellsForTask.begin();
 it != overlapCellsForTask.end(); it++ )
 {
 int sendToProc = it->first;
 std::set< EntityHandle >& overlapCellsToSend2 = it->second;
 // send also the target and source parents for these overlap cells
 for( std::set< EntityHandle >::iterator it2 = overlapCellsToSend2.begin(); it2 != overlapCellsToSend2.end();
 it2++ )
 {
 EntityHandle intxCell = *it2;
 int sourceParentID, targetParentID;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( targetParentTag, &intxCell, 1, &targetParentID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( sourceParentTag, &intxCell, 1, &sourceParentID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 int n = TLc.get_n();
 TLc.vi_wr[sizeTuple * n] = sendToProc;
 TLc.vi_wr[sizeTuple * n + 1] = sourceParentID;
 TLc.vi_wr[sizeTuple * n + 2] = targetParentID;
 int nnodes;
 const EntityHandle* conn = nullptr;
 rval = m_interface->get_connectivity( intxCell, conn, nnodes );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 TLc.vi_wr[sizeTuple * n + 3] = nnodes;
 for( int i = 0; i < nnodes; i++ )
 {
 int indexVertex = allVerticesToSendMap[conn[i]];
 ; // the vertex index will be now unique per original proc
 if( -1 == indexVertex ) MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Can't find vertex in range of vertices to send" );
 TLc.vi_wr[sizeTuple * n + 4 + i] = indexVertex;
 }
 // fill the rest with 0, just because we do not like uninitialized data
 for( int i = nnodes; i < globalMaxEdges; i++ )
 TLc.vi_wr[sizeTuple * n + 4 + i] = 0;
 
 TLc.inc_n();
 }
 }
 
 // send first the vertices and overlap cells to original task for coverage cells
 // now we are done populating the tuples; route them to the appropriate processors
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 std::stringstream ff1;
 ff1 << "TLc_" << rank << ".txt";
 TLc.print_to_file( ff1.str().c_str() );
 std::stringstream ffv;
 ffv << "TLv_" << rank << ".txt";
 TLv.print_to_file( ffv.str().c_str() );
#endif
 ( m_pcomm->proc_config().crystal_router() )->gs_transfer( 1, TLv, 0 );
 ( m_pcomm->proc_config().crystal_router() )->gs_transfer( 1, TLc, 0 );
 
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 TLc.print_to_file( ff1.str().c_str() ); // will append to existing file
 TLv.print_to_file( ffv.str().c_str() );
#endif
 // first phase of transfer complete
 // now look at TLc, and sort by the source parent (index 1)
 
 TupleList::buffer buffer;
 buffer.buffer_init( sizeTuple * TLc.get_n() * 2 ); // allocate memory for sorting !! double
 TLc.sort( 1, &buffer );
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 TLc.print_to_file( ff1.str().c_str() );
#endif
 
 // will keep a map with vertices per processor that will need to be used in TLv2;
 // so, availVertexIndicesPerProcessor[proc] is a map from vertex indices that are available from
 // this processor to the index in the local TLv; the used vertices will have to be sent to the
 // tasks that need them
 
 // connectivity of a cell is given by sending proc and index in original list of vertices from
 // that proc
 
 std::map< int, std::map< int, int > > availVertexIndicesPerProcessor;
 int nv = TLv.get_n();
 for( int i = 0; i < nv; i++ )
 {
 // int proc=TLv.vi_rd[3*i]; // it is coming from this processor
 int orgProc = TLv.vi_rd[2 * i]; // this is the original processor, for index vertex consideration
 int indexVert = TLv.vi_rd[2 * i + 1];
 availVertexIndicesPerProcessor[orgProc][indexVert] = i;
 }
 
 // now we have sorted the incoming overlap elements by the source element;
 // if we have overlap elements for one source coming from 2 or more processes, we need to send
 // back to the processes that do not have that overlap cell;
 
 // form new TLc2, TLv2, that will be distributed to necessary processes
 // first count source elements that are "spread" over multiple processes
 // TLc is ordered now by source ID; loop over them
 int n = TLc.get_n(); // total number of overlap elements received on current task;
 std::map< int, int > currentProcsCount;
 // form a map from proc to sets of vertex indices that will be sent using TLv2
 // will form a map between a source cell ID and tasks/targets that are partially overlapped by
 // these sources
 std::map< int, std::set< int > > sourcesForTasks;
 int sizeOfTLc2 = 0; // only increase when we will have to send data
 if( n > 0 )
 {
 int currentSourceID = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * 0 + 1]; // we have written sizeTuple*0 for "clarity"
 int proc0 = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * 0];
 currentProcsCount[proc0] = 1; //
 
 for( int i = 1; i < n; i++ )
 {
 int proc = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * i];
 int sourceID = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * i + 1];
 if( sourceID == currentSourceID )
 {
 if( currentProcsCount.find( proc ) == currentProcsCount.end() )
 {
 currentProcsCount[proc] = 1;
 }
 else
 currentProcsCount[proc]++;
 }
 if( sourceID != currentSourceID || ( ( n - 1 ) == i ) ) // we study the current source if we reach the last
 {
 // we have found a new source id, need to reset the proc counts, and establish if we
 // need to send data
 if( currentProcsCount.size() > 1 )
 {
#ifdef VERBOSE
 std::cout << " source element " << currentSourceID << " intersects with "
 << currentProcsCount.size() << " target partitions\n";
 for( std::map< int, int >::iterator it = currentProcsCount.begin(); it != currentProcsCount.end();
 it++ )
 {
 int procID = it->first;
 int numOverCells = it->second;
 std::cout << " task:" << procID << " " << numOverCells << " cells\n";
 }
 
#endif
 // estimate what we need to send
 for( std::map< int, int >::iterator it1 = currentProcsCount.begin(); it1 != currentProcsCount.end();
 it1++ )
 {
 int proc1 = it1->first;
 sourcesForTasks[currentSourceID].insert( proc1 );
 for( std::map< int, int >::iterator it2 = currentProcsCount.begin();
 it2 != currentProcsCount.end(); it2++ )
 {
 int proc2 = it2->first;
 if( proc1 != proc2 ) sizeOfTLc2 += it2->second;
 }
 }
 // mark vertices in TLv tuple that need to be sent
 }
 if( sourceID != currentSourceID ) // maybe we are not at the end, so continue on
 {
 currentSourceID = sourceID;
 currentProcsCount.clear();
 currentProcsCount[proc] = 1;
 }
 }
 }
 }
 // begin a loop to send the needed cells to the processes; also mark the vertices that need to
 // be sent, put them in a set
 
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 std::cout << " need to initialize TLc2 with " << sizeOfTLc2 << " cells\n ";
#endif
 
 TupleList TLc2;
 int sizeTuple2 = 5 + globalMaxEdges; // send to, original proc for intx cell, source parent id,
 // target parent id,
 // number of vertices, then connectivity in terms of indices in vertex lists from original proc
 TLc2.initialize( sizeTuple2, 0, 0, 0, sizeOfTLc2 );
 TLc2.enableWriteAccess();
 // loop again through TLc, and select intx cells that have the problem sources;
 
 std::map< int, std::set< int > > verticesToSendForProc; // will look at indices in the TLv list
 // will form for each processor, the index list from TLv
 for( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )
 {
 int sourceID = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * i + 1];
 if( sourcesForTasks.find( sourceID ) != sourcesForTasks.end() )
 {
 // it means this intx cell needs to be sent to any proc that is not "original" to it
 std::set< int > procs = sourcesForTasks[sourceID]; // set of processors involved with this source
 if( procs.size() < 2 ) MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, " not enough processes involved with a sourceID cell" );
 
 int orgProc = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * i]; // this intx cell was sent from this orgProc, originally
 // will need to be sent to all other procs from above set; also, need to mark the vertex
 // indices for that proc, and check that they are available to populate TLv2
 std::map< int, int >& availableVerticesFromThisProc = availVertexIndicesPerProcessor[orgProc];
 for( std::set< int >::iterator setIt = procs.begin(); setIt != procs.end(); setIt++ )
 {
 int procID = *setIt;
 // send this cell to the other processors, not to orgProc this cell is coming from
 
 if( procID != orgProc )
 {
 // send the cell to this processor;
 int n2 = TLc2.get_n();
 if( n2 >= sizeOfTLc2 ) MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, " memory overflow" );
 //
 std::set< int >& indexVerticesInTLv = verticesToSendForProc[procID];
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2] = procID; // send to
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2 + 1] = orgProc; // this cell is coming from here
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2 + 2] = sourceID; // source parent of the intx cell
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2 + 3] = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * i + 2]; // target parent of the intx cell
 // number of vertices of the intx cell
 int nvert = TLc.vi_rd[sizeTuple * i + 3];
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2 + 4] = nvert;
 // now loop through the connectivity, and make sure the vertices are available;
 // mark them, to populate later the TLv2 tuple list
 
 // just copy the vertices, including 0 ones
 for( int j = 0; j < nvert; j++ )
 {
 int vertexIndex = TLc.vi_rd[i * sizeTuple + 4 + j];
 // is this vertex available from org proc?
 if( availableVerticesFromThisProc.find( vertexIndex ) == availableVerticesFromThisProc.end() )
 {
 MB_CHK_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, " vertex index not available from processor" );
 }
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2 + 5 + j] = vertexIndex;
 int indexInTLv = availVertexIndicesPerProcessor[orgProc][vertexIndex];
 indexVerticesInTLv.insert( indexInTLv );
 }
 
 for( int j = nvert; j < globalMaxEdges; j++ )
 {
 TLc2.vi_wr[n2 * sizeTuple2 + 5 + j] = 0; // or mark them 0
 }
 TLc2.inc_n();
 }
 }
 }
 }
 
 // now we have to populate TLv2, with original source proc, index of vertex, and coordinates
 // from TLv use the verticesToSendForProc sets from above, and the map from index in proc to the
 // index in TLv
 TupleList TLv2;
 int numVerts2 = 0;
 // how many vertices to send?
 for( std::map< int, std::set< int > >::iterator it = verticesToSendForProc.begin();
 it != verticesToSendForProc.end(); it++ )
 {
 std::set< int >& indexInTLvSet = it->second;
 numVerts2 += (int)indexInTLvSet.size();
 }
 TLv2.initialize( 3, 0, 0, 3,
 numVerts2 ); // send to, original proc, index in original proc, and 3 coords
 TLv2.enableWriteAccess();
 for( std::map< int, std::set< int > >::iterator it = verticesToSendForProc.begin();
 it != verticesToSendForProc.end(); it++ )
 {
 int sendToProc = it->first;
 std::set< int >& indexInTLvSet = it->second;
 // now, look at indices in TLv, to find out the original proc, and the index in that list
 for( std::set< int >::iterator itSet = indexInTLvSet.begin(); itSet != indexInTLvSet.end(); itSet++ )
 {
 int indexInTLv = *itSet;
 int orgProc = TLv.vi_rd[2 * indexInTLv];
 int indexVertexInOrgProc = TLv.vi_rd[2 * indexInTLv + 1];
 int nv2 = TLv2.get_n();
 TLv2.vi_wr[3 * nv2] = sendToProc;
 TLv2.vi_wr[3 * nv2 + 1] = orgProc;
 TLv2.vi_wr[3 * nv2 + 2] = indexVertexInOrgProc;
 for( int j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
 TLv2.vr_wr[3 * nv2 + j] =
 TLv.vr_rd[3 * indexInTLv + j]; // departure position, of the node local_verts[i]
 TLv2.inc_n();
 }
 }
 // now, finally, transfer the vertices and the intx cells;
 ( m_pcomm->proc_config().crystal_router() )->gs_transfer( 1, TLv2, 0 );
 ( m_pcomm->proc_config().crystal_router() )->gs_transfer( 1, TLc2, 0 );
 // now, look at vertices from TLv2, and create them
 // we should have in TLv2 only vertices with orgProc different from current task
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 std::stringstream ff2;
 ff2 << "TLc2_" << rank << ".txt";
 TLc2.print_to_file( ff2.str().c_str() );
 std::stringstream ffv2;
 ffv2 << "TLv2_" << rank << ".txt";
 TLv2.print_to_file( ffv2.str().c_str() );
#endif
 // first create vertices, and make a map from origin processor, and index, to entity handle
 // (index in TLv2 )
 Tag ghostTag;
 int orig_proc = -1;
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_handle( "ORIG_PROC", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, ghostTag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT,
 &orig_proc );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 
 int nvNew = TLv2.get_n();
 // if number of vertices to be created is 0, it means there is no need of ghost intx cells,
 // because everything matched perfectly (it can happen in manufactured cases)
 if( 0 == nvNew ) return MB_SUCCESS;
 // create a vertex h for each coordinate
 Range newVerts;
 rval = m_interface->create_vertices( &( TLv2.vr_rd[0] ), nvNew, newVerts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 // now create a map from index , org proc, to actual entity handle corresponding to it
 std::map< int, std::map< int, EntityHandle > > vertexPerProcAndIndex;
 for( int i = 0; i < nvNew; i++ )
 {
 int orgProc = TLv2.vi_rd[3 * i + 1];
 int indexInVert = TLv2.vi_rd[3 * i + 2];
 vertexPerProcAndIndex[orgProc][indexInVert] = newVerts[i];
 }
 
 // new polygons will receive a dense tag, with default value -1, with the processor task they
 // originally belonged to
 
 // now form the needed cells, in order
 Range newPolygons;
 int ne = TLc2.get_n();
 for( int i = 0; i < ne; i++ )
 {
 int orgProc = TLc2.vi_rd[i * sizeTuple2 + 1]; // this cell is coming from here, originally
 int sourceID = TLc2.vi_rd[i * sizeTuple2 + 2]; // source parent of the intx cell
 int targetID = TLc2.vi_wr[i * sizeTuple2 + 3]; // target parent of intx cell
 int nve = TLc2.vi_wr[i * sizeTuple2 + 4]; // number of vertices for the polygon
 std::vector< EntityHandle > conn;
 conn.resize( nve );
 for( int j = 0; j < nve; j++ )
 {
 int indexV = TLc2.vi_wr[i * sizeTuple2 + 5 + j];
 EntityHandle vh = vertexPerProcAndIndex[orgProc][indexV];
 conn[j] = vh;
 }
 EntityHandle polyNew;
 rval = m_interface->create_element( MBPOLYGON, &conn[0], nve, polyNew );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 newPolygons.insert( polyNew );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( targetParentTag, &polyNew, 1, &targetID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( sourceParentTag, &polyNew, 1, &sourceID );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 rval = m_interface->tag_set_data( ghostTag, &polyNew, 1, &orgProc );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 }
 
#ifdef MOAB_DBG
 EntityHandle tmpSet3;
 rval = m_interface->create_meshset( MESHSET_SET, tmpSet3 );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't create temporary set3" );
 // add the boundary set and edges, and save it to a file
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( tmpSet3, newPolygons );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Can't add entities" );
 
 std::stringstream ffs4;
 ffs4 << "extraIntxCells" << rank << ".h5m";
 rval = m_interface->write_mesh( ffs4.str().c_str(), &tmpSet3, 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
#endif
 
 // add the new polygons to the overlap set
 // these will be ghosted, so will participate in conservation only
 rval = m_interface->add_entities( m_overlap_set, newPolygons );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
 return MB_SUCCESS;
}
#endif
 
#undef MOAB_DBG
 
ErrorCode TempestRemapper::GetIMasks( Remapper::IntersectionContext ctx, std::vector< int >& masks )
{
 Tag maskTag;
 // it should have been created already, if not, we might have a problem
 int def_val = 1;
 ErrorCode rval =
 m_interface->tag_get_handle( "GRID_IMASK", 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, maskTag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, &def_val );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Trouble creating GRID_IMASK tag" );
 
 switch( ctx )
 {
 case Remapper::SourceMesh: {
 if( point_cloud_source )
 {
 masks.resize( m_source_vertices.size() );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( maskTag, m_source_vertices, &masks[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Trouble getting GRID_IMASK tag" );
 }
 else
 {
 masks.resize( m_source_entities.size() );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( maskTag, m_source_entities, &masks[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Trouble getting GRID_IMASK tag" );
 }
 return MB_SUCCESS;
 }
 case Remapper::TargetMesh: {
 if( point_cloud_target )
 {
 masks.resize( m_target_vertices.size() );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( maskTag, m_target_vertices, &masks[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Trouble getting GRID_IMASK tag" );
 }
 else
 {
 masks.resize( m_target_entities.size() );
 rval = m_interface->tag_get_data( maskTag, m_target_entities, &masks[0] );MB_CHK_SET_ERR( rval, "Trouble getting GRID_IMASK tag" );
 }
 return MB_SUCCESS;
 }
 case Remapper::CoveringMesh:
 case Remapper::OverlapMesh:
 default:
 return MB_SUCCESS;
 }
}
 
} // namespace moab