Actual source code: ex14.c

petsc-3.7.3 2016-08-01
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  2: static char help[] = "Bratu nonlinear PDE in 3d.\n\
  3: We solve the  Bratu (SFI - solid fuel ignition) problem in a 3D rectangular\n\
  4: domain, using distributed arrays (DMDAs) to partition the parallel grid.\n\
  5: The command line options include:\n\
  6:   -par <parameter>, where <parameter> indicates the problem's nonlinearity\n\
  7:      problem SFI:  <parameter> = Bratu parameter (0 <= par <= 6.81)\n\n";

  9: /*T
 10:    Concepts: SNES^parallel Bratu example
 11:    Concepts: DMDA^using distributed arrays;
 12:    Processors: n
 13: T*/

 15: /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------

 17:     Solid Fuel Ignition (SFI) problem.  This problem is modeled by
 18:     the partial differential equation

 20:             -Laplacian u - lambda*exp(u) = 0,  0 < x,y < 1,

 22:     with boundary conditions

 24:              u = 0  for  x = 0, x = 1, y = 0, y = 1, z = 0, z = 1

 26:     A finite difference approximation with the usual 7-point stencil
 27:     is used to discretize the boundary value problem to obtain a nonlinear
 28:     system of equations.


 31:   ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

 33: /*
 34:    Include "petscdmda.h" so that we can use distributed arrays (DMDAs).
 35:    Include "petscsnes.h" so that we can use SNES solvers.  Note that this
 36:    file automatically includes:
 37:      petscsys.h       - base PETSc routines   petscvec.h - vectors
 38:      petscmat.h - matrices
 39:      petscis.h     - index sets            petscksp.h - Krylov subspace methods
 40:      petscviewer.h - viewers               petscpc.h  - preconditioners
 41:      petscksp.h   - linear solvers
 42: */
 43: #include <petscdm.h>
 44: #include <petscdmda.h>
 45: #include <petscsnes.h>


 48: /*
 49:    User-defined application context - contains data needed by the
 50:    application-provided call-back routines, FormJacobian() and
 51:    FormFunction().
 52: */
 53: typedef struct {
 54:   PetscReal param;             /* test problem parameter */
 55:   DM        da;                /* distributed array data structure */
 56: } AppCtx;

 58: /*
 59:    User-defined routines
 60: */
 61: extern PetscErrorCode FormFunction(SNES,Vec,Vec,void*),FormInitialGuess(AppCtx*,Vec);
 62: extern PetscErrorCode FormJacobian(SNES,Vec,Mat,Mat,void*);

 66: int main(int argc,char **argv)
 67: {
 68:   SNES           snes;                         /* nonlinear solver */
 69:   Vec            x,r;                          /* solution, residual vectors */
 70:   Mat            J;                            /* Jacobian matrix */
 71:   AppCtx         user;                         /* user-defined work context */
 72:   PetscInt       its;                          /* iterations for convergence */
 73:   MatFDColoring  matfdcoloring;
 74:   PetscBool      matrix_free = PETSC_FALSE,coloring = PETSC_FALSE, coloring_ds = PETSC_FALSE;
 76:   PetscReal      bratu_lambda_max = 6.81,bratu_lambda_min = 0.,fnorm;

 78:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 79:      Initialize program
 80:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

 82:   PetscInitialize(&argc,&argv,(char*)0,help);

 84:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 85:      Initialize problem parameters
 86:   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
 87:   user.param = 6.0;
 88:   PetscOptionsGetReal(NULL,NULL,"-par",&user.param,NULL);
 89:   if (user.param >= bratu_lambda_max || user.param <= bratu_lambda_min) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,1,"Lambda is out of range");

 91:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 92:      Create nonlinear solver context
 93:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
 94:   SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&snes);

 96:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 97:      Create distributed array (DMDA) to manage parallel grid and vectors
 98:   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
 99:   DMDACreate3d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,DMDA_STENCIL_STAR,-4,-4,-4,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,
100:                       PETSC_DECIDE,1,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,&user.da);

102:   /*  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
103:      Extract global vectors from DMDA; then duplicate for remaining
104:      vectors that are the same types
105:    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
106:   DMCreateGlobalVector(user.da,&x);
107:   VecDuplicate(x,&r);

109:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
110:      Set function evaluation routine and vector
111:   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
112:   SNESSetFunction(snes,r,FormFunction,(void*)&user);

114:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
115:      Create matrix data structure; set Jacobian evaluation routine

117:      Set Jacobian matrix data structure and default Jacobian evaluation
118:      routine. User can override with:
119:      -snes_mf : matrix-free Newton-Krylov method with no preconditioning
120:                 (unless user explicitly sets preconditioner)
121:      -snes_mf_operator : form preconditioning matrix as set by the user,
122:                          but use matrix-free approx for Jacobian-vector
123:                          products within Newton-Krylov method
124:      -fdcoloring : using finite differences with coloring to compute the Jacobian

126:      Note one can use -matfd_coloring wp or ds the only reason for the -fdcoloring_ds option
127:      below is to test the call to MatFDColoringSetType().
128:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
129:   PetscOptionsGetBool(NULL,NULL,"-snes_mf",&matrix_free,NULL);
130:   PetscOptionsGetBool(NULL,NULL,"-fdcoloring",&coloring,NULL);
131:   PetscOptionsGetBool(NULL,NULL,"-fdcoloring_ds",&coloring_ds,NULL);
132:   if (!matrix_free) {
133:     DMSetMatType(user.da,MATAIJ);
134:     DMCreateMatrix(user.da,&J);
135:     if (coloring) {
136:       ISColoring iscoloring;
137:       DMCreateColoring(user.da,IS_COLORING_GLOBAL,&iscoloring);
138:       MatFDColoringCreate(J,iscoloring,&matfdcoloring);
139:       if (coloring_ds) {
140:         MatFDColoringSetType(matfdcoloring,MATMFFD_DS);
141:       }
142:       MatFDColoringSetFunction(matfdcoloring,(PetscErrorCode (*)(void))FormFunction,&user);
143:       MatFDColoringSetFromOptions(matfdcoloring);
144:       MatFDColoringSetUp(J,iscoloring,matfdcoloring);
145:       SNESSetJacobian(snes,J,J,SNESComputeJacobianDefaultColor,matfdcoloring);
146:       ISColoringDestroy(&iscoloring);
147:     } else {
148:       SNESSetJacobian(snes,J,J,FormJacobian,&user);
149:     }
150:   }

152:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
153:      Customize nonlinear solver; set runtime options
154:    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
155:   SNESSetDM(snes,user.da);
156:   SNESSetFromOptions(snes);

158:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
159:      Evaluate initial guess
160:      Note: The user should initialize the vector, x, with the initial guess
161:      for the nonlinear solver prior to calling SNESSolve().  In particular,
162:      to employ an initial guess of zero, the user should explicitly set
163:      this vector to zero by calling VecSet().
164:   */
165:   FormInitialGuess(&user,x);

167:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
168:      Solve nonlinear system
169:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
170:   SNESSolve(snes,NULL,x);
171:   SNESGetIterationNumber(snes,&its);

173:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
174:      Explicitly check norm of the residual of the solution
175:    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
176:   FormFunction(snes,x,r,(void*)&user);
177:   VecNorm(r,NORM_2,&fnorm);
178:   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"Number of SNES iterations = %D fnorm %g\n",its,(double)fnorm);

180:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
181:      Free work space.  All PETSc objects should be destroyed when they
182:      are no longer needed.
183:    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

185:   if (!matrix_free) {
186:     MatDestroy(&J);
187:   }
188:   VecDestroy(&x);
189:   VecDestroy(&r);
190:   SNESDestroy(&snes);
191:   DMDestroy(&user.da);
192:   if (coloring) {MatFDColoringDestroy(&matfdcoloring);}
193:   PetscFinalize();
194:   return(0);
195: }
196: /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
199: /*
200:    FormInitialGuess - Forms initial approximation.

202:    Input Parameters:
203:    user - user-defined application context
204:    X - vector

206:    Output Parameter:
207:    X - vector
208:  */
209: PetscErrorCode FormInitialGuess(AppCtx *user,Vec X)
210: {
211:   PetscInt       i,j,k,Mx,My,Mz,xs,ys,zs,xm,ym,zm;
213:   PetscReal      lambda,temp1,hx,hy,hz,tempk,tempj;
214:   PetscScalar    ***x;

217:   DMDAGetInfo(user->da,PETSC_IGNORE,&Mx,&My,&Mz,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE);

219:   lambda = user->param;
220:   hx     = 1.0/(PetscReal)(Mx-1);
221:   hy     = 1.0/(PetscReal)(My-1);
222:   hz     = 1.0/(PetscReal)(Mz-1);
223:   temp1  = lambda/(lambda + 1.0);

225:   /*
226:      Get a pointer to vector data.
227:        - For default PETSc vectors, VecGetArray() returns a pointer to
228:          the data array.  Otherwise, the routine is implementation dependent.
229:        - You MUST call VecRestoreArray() when you no longer need access to
230:          the array.
231:   */
232:   DMDAVecGetArray(user->da,X,&x);

234:   /*
235:      Get local grid boundaries (for 3-dimensional DMDA):
236:        xs, ys, zs   - starting grid indices (no ghost points)
237:        xm, ym, zm   - widths of local grid (no ghost points)

239:   */
240:   DMDAGetCorners(user->da,&xs,&ys,&zs,&xm,&ym,&zm);

242:   /*
243:      Compute initial guess over the locally owned part of the grid
244:   */
245:   for (k=zs; k<zs+zm; k++) {
246:     tempk = (PetscReal)(PetscMin(k,Mz-k-1))*hz;
247:     for (j=ys; j<ys+ym; j++) {
248:       tempj = PetscMin((PetscReal)(PetscMin(j,My-j-1))*hy,tempk);
249:       for (i=xs; i<xs+xm; i++) {
250:         if (i == 0 || j == 0 || k == 0 || i == Mx-1 || j == My-1 || k == Mz-1) {
251:           /* boundary conditions are all zero Dirichlet */
252:           x[k][j][i] = 0.0;
253:         } else {
254:           x[k][j][i] = temp1*PetscSqrtReal(PetscMin((PetscReal)(PetscMin(i,Mx-i-1))*hx,tempj));
255:         }
256:       }
257:     }
258:   }

260:   /*
261:      Restore vector
262:   */
263:   DMDAVecRestoreArray(user->da,X,&x);
264:   return(0);
265: }
266: /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
269: /*
270:    FormFunction - Evaluates nonlinear function, F(x).

272:    Input Parameters:
273: .  snes - the SNES context
274: .  X - input vector
275: .  ptr - optional user-defined context, as set by SNESSetFunction()

277:    Output Parameter:
278: .  F - function vector
279:  */
280: PetscErrorCode FormFunction(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,void *ptr)
281: {
282:   AppCtx         *user = (AppCtx*)ptr;
284:   PetscInt       i,j,k,Mx,My,Mz,xs,ys,zs,xm,ym,zm;
285:   PetscReal      two = 2.0,lambda,hx,hy,hz,hxhzdhy,hyhzdhx,hxhydhz,sc;
286:   PetscScalar    u_north,u_south,u_east,u_west,u_up,u_down,u,u_xx,u_yy,u_zz,***x,***f;
287:   Vec            localX;
288:   DM             da;

291:   SNESGetDM(snes,&da);
292:   DMGetLocalVector(da,&localX);
293:   DMDAGetInfo(da,PETSC_IGNORE,&Mx,&My,&Mz,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE);

295:   lambda  = user->param;
296:   hx      = 1.0/(PetscReal)(Mx-1);
297:   hy      = 1.0/(PetscReal)(My-1);
298:   hz      = 1.0/(PetscReal)(Mz-1);
299:   sc      = hx*hy*hz*lambda;
300:   hxhzdhy = hx*hz/hy;
301:   hyhzdhx = hy*hz/hx;
302:   hxhydhz = hx*hy/hz;

304:   /*
305:      Scatter ghost points to local vector,using the 2-step process
306:         DMGlobalToLocalBegin(),DMGlobalToLocalEnd().
307:      By placing code between these two statements, computations can be
308:      done while messages are in transition.
309:   */
310:   DMGlobalToLocalBegin(da,X,INSERT_VALUES,localX);
311:   DMGlobalToLocalEnd(da,X,INSERT_VALUES,localX);

313:   /*
314:      Get pointers to vector data
315:   */
316:   DMDAVecGetArrayRead(da,localX,&x);
317:   DMDAVecGetArray(da,F,&f);

319:   /*
320:      Get local grid boundaries
321:   */
322:   DMDAGetCorners(da,&xs,&ys,&zs,&xm,&ym,&zm);

324:   /*
325:      Compute function over the locally owned part of the grid
326:   */
327:   for (k=zs; k<zs+zm; k++) {
328:     for (j=ys; j<ys+ym; j++) {
329:       for (i=xs; i<xs+xm; i++) {
330:         if (i == 0 || j == 0 || k == 0 || i == Mx-1 || j == My-1 || k == Mz-1) {
331:           f[k][j][i] = x[k][j][i];
332:         } else {
333:           u          = x[k][j][i];
334:           u_east     = x[k][j][i+1];
335:           u_west     = x[k][j][i-1];
336:           u_north    = x[k][j+1][i];
337:           u_south    = x[k][j-1][i];
338:           u_up       = x[k+1][j][i];
339:           u_down     = x[k-1][j][i];
340:           u_xx       = (-u_east + two*u - u_west)*hyhzdhx;
341:           u_yy       = (-u_north + two*u - u_south)*hxhzdhy;
342:           u_zz       = (-u_up + two*u - u_down)*hxhydhz;
343:           f[k][j][i] = u_xx + u_yy + u_zz - sc*PetscExpScalar(u);
344:         }
345:       }
346:     }
347:   }

349:   /*
350:      Restore vectors
351:   */
352:   DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(da,localX,&x);
353:   DMDAVecRestoreArray(da,F,&f);
354:   DMRestoreLocalVector(da,&localX);
355:   PetscLogFlops(11.0*ym*xm);
356:   return(0);
357: }
358: /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
361: /*
362:    FormJacobian - Evaluates Jacobian matrix.

364:    Input Parameters:
365: .  snes - the SNES context
366: .  x - input vector
367: .  ptr - optional user-defined context, as set by SNESSetJacobian()

369:    Output Parameters:
370: .  A - Jacobian matrix
371: .  B - optionally different preconditioning matrix

373: */
374: PetscErrorCode FormJacobian(SNES snes,Vec X,Mat J,Mat jac,void *ptr)
375: {
376:   AppCtx         *user = (AppCtx*)ptr;  /* user-defined application context */
377:   Vec            localX;
379:   PetscInt       i,j,k,Mx,My,Mz;
380:   MatStencil     col[7],row;
381:   PetscInt       xs,ys,zs,xm,ym,zm;
382:   PetscScalar    lambda,v[7],hx,hy,hz,hxhzdhy,hyhzdhx,hxhydhz,sc,***x;
383:   DM             da;

386:   SNESGetDM(snes,&da);
387:   DMGetLocalVector(da,&localX);
388:   DMDAGetInfo(da,PETSC_IGNORE,&Mx,&My,&Mz,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE,PETSC_IGNORE);

390:   lambda  = user->param;
391:   hx      = 1.0/(PetscReal)(Mx-1);
392:   hy      = 1.0/(PetscReal)(My-1);
393:   hz      = 1.0/(PetscReal)(Mz-1);
394:   sc      = hx*hy*hz*lambda;
395:   hxhzdhy = hx*hz/hy;
396:   hyhzdhx = hy*hz/hx;
397:   hxhydhz = hx*hy/hz;

399:   /*
400:      Scatter ghost points to local vector, using the 2-step process
401:         DMGlobalToLocalBegin(), DMGlobalToLocalEnd().
402:      By placing code between these two statements, computations can be
403:      done while messages are in transition.
404:   */
405:   DMGlobalToLocalBegin(da,X,INSERT_VALUES,localX);
406:   DMGlobalToLocalEnd(da,X,INSERT_VALUES,localX);

408:   /*
409:      Get pointer to vector data
410:   */
411:   DMDAVecGetArrayRead(da,localX,&x);

413:   /*
414:      Get local grid boundaries
415:   */
416:   DMDAGetCorners(da,&xs,&ys,&zs,&xm,&ym,&zm);

418:   /*
419:      Compute entries for the locally owned part of the Jacobian.
420:       - Currently, all PETSc parallel matrix formats are partitioned by
421:         contiguous chunks of rows across the processors.
422:       - Each processor needs to insert only elements that it owns
423:         locally (but any non-local elements will be sent to the
424:         appropriate processor during matrix assembly).
425:       - Here, we set all entries for a particular row at once.
426:       - We can set matrix entries either using either
427:         MatSetValuesLocal() or MatSetValues(), as discussed above.
428:   */
429:   for (k=zs; k<zs+zm; k++) {
430:     for (j=ys; j<ys+ym; j++) {
431:       for (i=xs; i<xs+xm; i++) {
432:         row.k = k; row.j = j; row.i = i;
433:         /* boundary points */
434:         if (i == 0 || j == 0 || k == 0|| i == Mx-1 || j == My-1 || k == Mz-1) {
435:           v[0] = 1.0;
436:           MatSetValuesStencil(jac,1,&row,1,&row,v,INSERT_VALUES);
437:         } else {
438:           /* interior grid points */
439:           v[0] = -hxhydhz; col[0].k=k-1;col[0].j=j;  col[0].i = i;
440:           v[1] = -hxhzdhy; col[1].k=k;  col[1].j=j-1;col[1].i = i;
441:           v[2] = -hyhzdhx; col[2].k=k;  col[2].j=j;  col[2].i = i-1;
442:           v[3] = 2.0*(hyhzdhx+hxhzdhy+hxhydhz)-sc*PetscExpScalar(x[k][j][i]);col[3].k=row.k;col[3].j=row.j;col[3].i = row.i;
443:           v[4] = -hyhzdhx; col[4].k=k;  col[4].j=j;  col[4].i = i+1;
444:           v[5] = -hxhzdhy; col[5].k=k;  col[5].j=j+1;col[5].i = i;
445:           v[6] = -hxhydhz; col[6].k=k+1;col[6].j=j;  col[6].i = i;
446:           MatSetValuesStencil(jac,1,&row,7,col,v,INSERT_VALUES);
447:         }
448:       }
449:     }
450:   }
451:   DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(da,localX,&x);
452:   DMRestoreLocalVector(da,&localX);

454:   /*
455:      Assemble matrix, using the 2-step process:
456:        MatAssemblyBegin(), MatAssemblyEnd().
457:   */
458:   MatAssemblyBegin(jac,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);
459:   MatAssemblyEnd(jac,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);

461:   /*
462:      Normally since the matrix has already been assembled above; this
463:      would do nothing. But in the matrix free mode -snes_mf_operator
464:      this tells the "matrix-free" matrix that a new linear system solve
465:      is about to be done.
466:   */

468:   MatAssemblyBegin(J,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);
469:   MatAssemblyEnd(J,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);

471:   /*
472:      Tell the matrix we will never add a new nonzero location to the
473:      matrix. If we do, it will generate an error.
474:   */
475:   MatSetOption(jac,MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATION_ERR,PETSC_TRUE);
476:   return(0);
477: }